Relic point Vietnam
Việt Nam
Archaeological site of Hang Con Moong
Con Moong Cave relic and surrounding relics in Thach Thanh district, Thanh Hoa province, have a total area of 4,999,180 m2, first excavated in 1976. In 2008 - 2009, Con Moong cave was inspected by the team. Overall research and survey of nearby relics. During the excavation of Con Moong cave (2010 - 2015), the Vietnamese - Russian archaeological team discovered additional relics such as Ly Chun cave, Bo Giao cave, Dau Voi mountain mound relics, Mang Chieng cave, Bo Giao cave. Diem, at the same time excavating 4 surrounding relics: Lai Cave (2010), Ly Chun Cave (2010), Mang Chieng Cave (2011 - 2012) and Diem Cave (2013 - 2014). Specifically: 1. Con Moong Cave: located in Upper Triassic limestone mountains of Dong Giao formation (Tađg), about 240 million years old. Con Moong Cave has an average strata thickness of 9.5m - including 10 layers with different structures. From layer 1 to layer 6 (depth from 1m - 6m), many working tools, animal bones, and mollusk shells were found. Grades 7 to 10 did not encounter any remains of flora or fauna, but there were many thin tools made of quartz, most concentrated in grade 10. According to initial research, Con Moong cave went through 4 stages of development. cultural development. Results of radiocarbon (C14) research on the upper layers, magnetic susceptibility, sedimentary set at Con Moong and cultural compatibility comparison with other archaeological sites show that the earliest age of Con Moong is expected. Guess 40,000 to 60,000 years ago. From the results of archaeological excavations, Con Moong cave is one of the very few archaeological sites with the thickest and best-preserved strata today in Vietnam and Southeast Asia. 2. Nearby monuments: - Hang Lai relic: located in the limestone mountain range in Thanh Trung village, Thanh Yen commune, Thach Thanh district. The cave is frog-shaped. - Ly Chun Cave Relics: The cave's interior is like a small stone roof, the door faces West - Southwest, the dome is 2m high and not flat with many frills and stalactites hanging down, the length is over 2m deep, the cave walls have stone seams spreading to the door. , there are many sedimentary blocks containing fossil animal bones and teeth. - Bo Giao Cave Relic: located in Yen Son 2 village, Thanh Yen commune, Thach Thanh district, Thanh Hoa province. The cave has two chambers, separated by large stalactite columns. - Dau Voi Mountain Earthen Monument (also known as Dau Voi Mountain's moat system, Dau Voi Mountain's earthen citadel, Ly Chun Citadel, Elephant Dau Fortress, Ly Chun Military Fort) is located close to (surrounding three sides) the mountain Elephant Head, in the buffer zone of Cuc Phuong National Park. - Diem Cave Relic: located in the buffer zone of Cuc Phuong National Park. The cave has a tubular shape over 50 meters long and an average width of 10 meters. - Mang Chieng Cave Relic (also known as Vang Chieng): located in the area of Cuc Phuong National Park, in front of the cave there are two large Vong trees so people also call it Cay Vong Cave. - Moc Long Cave and Moc Long Stone Roof Relics: located on one side of Chua Mountain in Thanh Minh commune. After the process of researching and excavating Con Moong cave and surrounding relics, scientists initially commented and evaluated the outstanding values: - The stratigraphic structure and cultural layer of Con Moong cave relic and surrounding relics show that this is a relic of residence and burial of residents of many periods. Con Moong Cave is one of the very rare archaeological sites, with the thickest and best-preserved stratigraphy today in Vietnam and Southeast Asia. - The relics excavated in Con Moong cave are authentic evidence of the tradition of residing in the cave, making and using stone tools with changes in the type and technique of making tools, thereby , it is possible to study the changes in behavior and behavior of ancient people in response to changes in paleoclimate and natural environment... - The outstanding historical and cultural value in Con Moong cave is the adaptation of humans to the environment for tens of thousands of years, from gathering and hunting, gradually moving to farming, animal husbandry... Excavation results shows that humans were present in Con Moong cave about 60,000 years ago, but not regularly. From about 25,000 - 20,000 years ago, the climate gradually warmed, with alternating warm and cold periods, and people lived in caves more often. After 20,000 years, there was a period of hot, humid and rainy weather, causing snails and mollusks to multiply, becoming a regular food source for humans, as evidenced by mollusc shells filling up the cave entrance, in some places up to 4m thick. From 11,400 years to 8,000 years was a period of heavy rain, and Prehistoric people continuously resided at the entrance of Con Moong cave. In this area, a very thick layer of snail shells and hundreds of working tools made of stone, bones, horns, mollusc shells, etc. were found in the strata, with the tool making industry developing from the Son Vi culture to the Son Vi culture. Hoa Binh - Bac Son. From 7,000 years ago today, when the sea receded and there was little rain, people began to leave the caves and gradually occupied the plains and coastal areas, establishing the first marine cultures in the Prehistoric period. Remains of the top cultural layer at Con Moong include ground axes and rudimentary hammered ceramics compatible with the earliest layer of the Da But culture, showing that the migration of Con Moong cave residents gradually moved down to the plain. along the coast, establishing the Da But culture. - In parallel with completing the excavation of Con Moong cave, scientists have surveyed, excavated and researched caves around the Con Moong cave area. This shows that Con Moong is the most ancient relic, with a certain relationship with surrounding relics at different levels. From Con Moong, over tens of thousands of years, due to changes in climate and weather leading to expanded living environments, and the increasingly advanced industry of making tools for work and living, primitive people have separated from each other. out in groups, moving to Mang Chieng cave, Diem cave, Lai cave, Moc Long cave, Moc Long rock roof, Bitter Cave (Ancient Man Cave), Bo Giao cave... These research results have contributed to Enhance the historical - cultural value of the relic - cave complex in the Con Moong cave area. With typical value, the archaeological relics of Con Moong cave and surrounding relics (Thach Thanh district, Thanh Hoa province) were ranked by the Prime Minister as special national relics on December 23, 2015. Source: Department of Cultural Heritage
Thanh Hoa 5551 view
Historical and architectural artistic relics of Ba Trieu relic area
Mrs. Trieu (named Trieu Thi Trinh, also known as Trinh Nuong, or Trieu Au), was born in 226, from Quan Yen district (Quan Yen), Cuu Chan district. She has an outstanding appearance, is highly skilled in martial arts, loves to make friends, and has great ambitions expressed through her famous quote: "I want to ride strong winds, step on fierce waves, and kill giant whales in the East Sea." , expel the Ngo army, reclaim the country, take off the yoke of slavery, and refuse to bend down to be a concubine for others!" In 248, Ba Trieu and her brother Trieu Quoc Dat gathered young men in the area to rally against the Ngo Dynasty's domination. A short time later, Trieu Quoc Dat fell ill and passed away. She was honored by the generals as General. Faced with the strength of our army, the Wu army's hamlets in Cuu Chan were defeated one by one. The uprising developed and spread to Giao Chi areas, extending into Nhat Nam. Faced with that situation, Ngo King Ton Quyen had to appoint General Luc Dan as Governor to bring troops to suppress. After many fierce battles, the insurgents could not withstand the strong enemy. Ms. Trieu committed suicide on Mount Tung (now in Trieu Loc commune, Hau Loc, Thanh Hoa) on August 22, the year of Mau Thin (248), when she was just 23 years old. To commemorate the kindness of Ba Trieu and her generals, the people built a temple right at the place where she and her insurgents fought and sacrificed their lives heroically. Through the events of time and history, Ba Trieu temple at Tung Mountain is still preserved by the people and is a place to organize cultural and religious activities. Ba Trieu relic area was built, restored and embellished over many different periods, including locations: Ba Trieu temple and mausoleum, tombs of three generals of the Ly family, Ban swear temple, Phu Dien communal house, Fourth Temple. 1. Ba Trieu Temple: located to the North, including: Outer ritual gate, rectangular lotus pond, screen, middle ritual gate, lower courtyard, inner ritual gate, upper courtyard (both sides have left/right curtain), front yard. Street, terrace, Middle street, Thien province yard, Harem. 2. Ba Trieu's tomb area Ba Trieu's Tomb: located on the top of Tung Mountain, vertical cylinder (quadrilateral) gradually smaller towards the top, including 2 roof floors: with a height from the ground to the top of 5.8m. The mausoleum's roof is made in the style of a dragon's palanquin, and the top of the mausoleum is shaped like a wine bottle. The entire Mausoleum is crafted from monolithic green stone, inside is an incense bowl, the main side of the Mausoleum is a stone altar. Grave: built 0.50m higher than the foundation. The four-sided square tomb structure is 1.5m in size and 2.3m in height. The tomb has an arched door opening on all four sides, the roof is curved at the corners, and the top of the tomb is mounted with a round ball. Lord's Tower: four-sided square cylindrical structure made of monolithic stone, 1.45m high, tower base 0.5m high, four-sided square. 3. Tombs of three generals of the Ly family: located at the foot of Tung mountain, the three tombs are all 3m in size. Behind the tomb is a rectangular brick altar used as a place to place offerings. In addition to the grave, there is also a stone stele with the inscription "Commemorative stele" on the forehead. 4. Ban Oath Temple: Legend has it that this is where the three Ly brothers held an oath to follow Ba Trieu's insurgent army, in Dong Bang field, Phu Dien village. The current status of the temple is just an altar built of bricks, 2.04m long, 1.48m wide, 1.38m high. 5. Phu Dien communal house: built during the reign of the 33rd King Canh Hung (1772), located to the southwest, overlooking Tung mountain, including the following items: Ritual gate: four-pillar style, made of monolithic green stone, with 3 doors. The column has four large pillars, the base is made of kneeling style, the four sides are carved with four sacred animals, and the top of the column is mounted with a statue of a phoenix bird with flipped leaves. Dai Dinh Building: Dinh-shaped architecture, 18.40m long, 14.37m wide, the front has a 1.9m wide porch, table-style door. Front hall: has beautiful, harmonious architecture, the rafters are intricately carved in the style of filigree, embossed, embossed, and sunk with traditional decorative themes such as four sacred animals, carp turning into dragons, and lotus flowers. , apricot flowers, starlings, deer, roosters, especially the image of women and folk scenes. Harem: 3 rooms, 2 wings, trusses in the style of "gong rack stacked on beam, seven beams" with 4 rows of pillars, 4 wooden trusses. The harem has 3 doors, table-style doors, and round wooden frames on all components. The carvings are concentrated on the wooden dragon cot wall, on the spring flower system and the porch walls. 6. Fourth Temple: located near Eo mountain area, Phu Dien village, so people also call it Nghe Eo. At the relic, there are still 3 ordinations, including 1 copy of Canh Thinh's 5th year (1797). The temple consists of 2 vertical compartments, 6.12m long, 2.88m average width, 3.85m high, including the Rear Hall and Front Hall, built in a domed style, with ancient red tiled floors. Ba Trieu Temple, has 297 relics and antiques of many types and diverse materials such as paper, wood, copper, ceramic,... dating from the late 17th century to the early 20th century. These documents, Artifacts still preserved in relics have historical and cultural value, helping us learn about the origin, existence of the relic and local cultural traditions, beliefs and customs. The relic is where the people of Phu Dien village organize cultural and religious activities according to traditional customs (holidays, traditional New Year, death days of historical figures). Ba Trieu Temple Festival takes place for 3 days (from February 19 to 22 of the lunar calendar) including sacrificial ceremonies, palanquin processions, and folk performances with the large participation of the community in the region and attracting tens of thousands of tourists. Come visit and celebrate. With particularly typical values, historical relics and artistic architecture, Ba Trieu relic site (Hau Loc district, Thanh Hoa province) was ranked as a special national monument on December 31, 2014. Source: Department of Cultural Heritage
Thanh Hoa 5606 view
Lam Kinh historical and architectural artistic relic
Lam Kinh historical and architectural artistic relic is located in Lam Son town and Xuan Lam commune (Tho Xuan district), Kien Tho commune (Ngoc Lac district), with a total conservation planning area of 200 hectares. Lam Kinh was originally Lam Son land, hometown of hero Le Loi, who had the merit of recruiting talented people and gathering people to expel the Ming invaders (1418 - 1427). In 1428, Le Loi ascended the throne (Le Thai To), establishing the Later Le dynasty, with the capital in Thang Long, opening a new period of development for the Dai Viet nation. In 1430, Le Thai To changed the name of Lam Son land to Lam Kinh. Since then, electrical structures, temples... also began to be built here, associated with two main functions: - A resting place for the Le kings when returning to worship their ancestors, and at the same time, also the residence of mandarins and permanent soldiers to look after Lam Kinh; - The gathering area for the tombs of ancestors, kings, queen mothers of the Le Dynasty and some mandarins in the royal family. Regarding the architectural appearance of the current monument, we can point out some typical works such as: Lam Kinh main palace: according to historical and archaeological documents, Lam Kinh main palace was built immediately after the death of King Le Thai To (1433). The layout of this architecture has a "cong" shape, with a total area of 1,645.04 m2, including 3 main palaces: Quang Duc, Sung Hieu and Dien Khanh. Currently, in this area only traces of the foundation remain, with 127 column footrests, paving slabs, sidewalks and a number of other artifacts. Thai Temple: is a place to worship ancestors, kings and queen mothers of the Le Dynasty. According to archaeological excavation results, this area includes 9 architectural buildings. Currently, 5 buildings have been renovated and restored (buildings 3, 4, 5, 6, 7). Dragon yard: is one of the largest architectural structures in the central area of Lam Kinh palace, located behind the Ngo gate, in the middle there are 3 paths leading to the main hall along the dragon steps. Dong Tru: located in the Southeast of the main hall, is considered a logistics and kitchen area to serve the entire central area of Lam Kinh. Left vu, Huu vu: located on both sides of the dragon yard, only the foundation and some pillar bases and some other artifacts remain. West Interior: located on a small mound to the west of the Main Palace, outside the inner citadel. Currently, this area is just architectural ruins. Bach Bridge: newly restored, 17m long, 5.50m wide, spanning the Ngoc River, located on the main road leading to the central area of Lam Kinh main palace. City wall system: includes 3 citadel rings (La citadel, Inner citadel and Outer citadel). In 2008, some sections of La Thanh east and west of Bach bridge were restored (with a total length of 21m). Nhu Ang Lake, Le Dynasty Dam Water Canal, West Lake: In the past, this area was low-lying land, surrounded by many small streams. Taking advantage of the natural terrain, the Le Dynasty dug a canal to bring water to West Lake to supply the entire Lam Kinh area. Dau Mountain: about 500m from King Le Thai To's mausoleum. On the mountain there is a temple to Ba Hang Dau, associated with the legend of the Lam Son uprising. Tomb of Le Thai To and Vinh Lang stele: Vinh Lang was built on a flat strip of land, south of the foot of Dau Mountain. In 1995, Vinh Lang was restored and rebuilt with bricks, the outside was covered with rough chiseled stone, in front of the mausoleum there were 2 statues of mandarins and 4 pairs of stone statues, standing in front of the "shrine" path of the mausoleum. Vinh Lang stele is made of monolithic sedimentary stone, 2 meters 79 meters high, 1 meter 94 meters wide, placed on the back of a stone turtle. The content of the stele records the life and career of Le Thai To. This is a stone sculpture with artistic value and is also a valuable document in researching the history of the Early Le period. Le Thai Tong Tomb and Huu Lang Stele: located on the peak of Phu Lam forest, in Xuan Lam commune, 800 meters from Vinh Lang. Huu Lang stele was built about 20m away from the mausoleum. Currently, the stele has been lost, only the stone turtle remains in its original position. Tomb of Queen Mother Ngo Thi Ngoc Dao and Khon Nguyen Chi Duc stele: located on a low area of land, called Xa Dam (Snake lagoon), 700 meters east of Vinh Lang. In 1998, the mausoleum was restored with bricks, the exterior was plastered with cement, and stone statues of people and animals were carved on both sides. Khon Nguyen Chi Duc stele was built in the year Mau Ngo (1498), made of monolithic green stone, 2 meters 76 meters high, 1 meter 90 meters wide. The stele's forehead and border are decorated with 5-claw dragons and stylized flowers. . Le Thanh Tong's tomb and Chieu Lang stele: located next to Dinh mound (Xuan Lam commune). The stele was erected in the spring of Mau Ngo year, Canh Thong era (1498). Tomb of King Le Hien Tong and Du Lang Stele: located on the right side of Vinh Lang, adjacent to West Lake. Du Lang stele is located about 30 meters from the tomb, made of monolithic stone, 2 meters 78 meters high, 1 meter 98 meters wide. Le Tuc Tong Tomb and Kinh Lang Stele: built on top of "Ho Xu Ngoc Giang Lamp" mountain, located in Kien Tho commune, Ngoc Lac district. Kinh Lang stele was erected in March of the first year of Doan Khanh (1505), the stele's content records the life and career of King Le Tuc Tong. Temple of King Le Thai To: located in the southeast of Lam Kinh relic area. In 1996, this temple was renovated, with an ironwood frame structure, following the model of traditional architecture, including items : front hall, toilet (beach tube), middle hall and back palace. In addition to the above-mentioned structures, in the Lam Kinh area there is also a system of auxiliary works and many other relics and antiques of historical, cultural and scientific value. At the relic site, on the occasion of the 8th month (lunar calendar) every year, on the 21st (Le Lai's death anniversary) and the 22nd (Le Loi's death anniversary), people in the area solemnly organize festivals to commemorate the merits of Le Lai. heroes who liberated the nation, and at the same time expressed their desire to pray for good weather and a prosperous and happy life... With the special historical, cultural and scientific values of the monument, on September 27, 2012, the Prime Minister decided to classify Lam Kinh Historical and Architectural Artistic Monument as a National Monument. special. Source: Department of Cultural Heritage
Thanh Hoa 5679 view
Citadel of the Ho Dynasty
Ho Dynasty Citadel is a historical architectural work in Vinh Long commune, Vinh Loc district, Thanh Hoa province, about 140km from the center of Hanoi. The Ho Dynasty Citadel was built in the late 14th century and has existed for more than 600 years. In 1962, the Ho Dynasty Citadel officially became a national monument. In 2011, this historical site was recognized by UNESCO as a world cultural heritage. The citadel was built by Ho Quy Ly in 1397. The heritage includes: Inner citadel, La citadel, Nam Giao altar, 155.5 hectares wide and surrounded by a buffer zone with an area of 5078.5 hectares. Thanh's location was chosen according to feng shui principles in the beautiful natural landscape between the Ma and Buoi rivers in Vinh Loc district, Thanh Hoa province. Today, the citadel still retains 4 city gates. The city gates are built of large stone blocks, many weighing from 10 to 26 tons. The citadel wall has a circumference of more than 3.5km with many sections of the wall almost intact and many artifacts marking what was once considered the capital, political, cultural, and social center, and at the same time, a construction project. The largest military defense of the Ho Dynasty. Visiting the Ho Dynasty Citadel, visitors cannot help but be amazed at the huge volume of stone and the way the stones were assembled to build massive and sturdy walls and gates. Tourists are even more surprised and impressed when they learn that: in a time more than 600 years ago, this huge stone citadel was built in just 3 months. The outstanding value of the citadel is the stone blocks weighing tens of tons that were hand-carved but achieved maximum functionality and efficiency, unique and unique in East Asia in the late 14th and early 19th centuries. 15th century. This is an "unprecedented" miracle that has not yet been scientifically explained. Archaeological excavations have revealed architectural traces and many artifacts that once contributed to creating a magnificent and majestic Tay Do. All have proven that: Ho Dynasty Citadel is an ancient capital that was completely built with full palaces, temples, shrines inside and was used continuously throughout the historical process of civilization. Dai Viet. The heritage becomes even more attractive, when in the inner city area and the ancient village area surrounding the citadel, there are many cultural - historical relics and even legendary stories related to this special citadel. Today, the Ho Dynasty Citadel has become a historical witness and its own values have naturally reached world-class status when officially inscribing its name in the "temple" of human cultural heritage. The World Cultural Heritage of Ho Dynasty Citadel plays an important role and is an infinite resource for exploitation and tourism development. Source: Ho Dynasty Citadel website
Thanh Hoa 5427 view
